TI-99/4A FAQ: Ramdisks

RAM Disks

Corcomp’s 128k and 512k memory cards are basically only usable as RAMDISK these had no battery backup so power off=blank

Myarc’s 128k and 512k memory cards contain a DSR routine for RAMDISK, these had no battery backup etc..

Horizion RAMDISK is a dedicated ramdisk of battery-backed memory. It will survive a reboot/power down as long as your batteries are good. Various sizes were released getting bigger as ram prices dropped.

Fetzner Horizon RAMDISK is available now with all the redesigns and updates

 

 

TI-99/4A FAQ: Hard Drives

Hard drives

TIPI provides a hierarchical file system (essentially a hard disk as far as the TI is concerned) for more information see the TIPI description here or http://ti994a.cwfk.net/TIPI.html

Myarc produced a Winchester Personality Card that allowed you to connect a WDS-100 SASI controller to your TI and then some MFM hard drives to the controller. This supported up to two 20meg drives. There are only three I know of in collectors hands.. Good luck on finding one!

Myarc produced a HFDC controller that in addition to disk drives supported up to 2 MFM hard drives as well, I have a 40mb one on my Geneve, not sure the max limit.. (rare)

S.N.U.G produced an excellent SCSI controller card that is compatible with the TI and Geneve. These are difficult and expensive to find for sale. http://www.s-n-u-g.de/home/index_e.php

WHSCSI card (Western Horizon SCSI card) Handles 7 SCSI drives and with a HP SCSI port splitter box could handle 6 more SCSI drives for a total of 13 SCSI drives (rare)

Therry designed a IDE controller for the 99/4a and some have been built as part of a group project among TI enthusiasts. These were recently produced by shift838 and available below, they are open source so you can build your own if you like surface mount soldering.

TI-99/4A FAQ: Printers

Can I hook up a printer to my TI?

Sure with the following cards/addons you can hook up a printer.

      • TI RS232 PEB card has two serial ports and one parallel port.
      • TI RS232 sidecar has two serial ports
      • Boxcar made a  side port serial/parallel interface that was the same as TI’s but much smaller
      • NanoPEB has a single serial port that is the same as a PC serial port. 9 pin
      • CF7 has a single parallel port that is the same as a PC parallel port 25 pin
      • There was a cartridge based program that included a cartridge based parallel port, these are relatively rare.
      • Axiom made a printer interface that plugs into the side port, one for sale here:

If you don’t have a printer, you can use the program TI PRINT from Fred Kaal to use your PC’s printer with your TI. You just need a serial port (same as the HDX set up) and this software: http://www.ti99-geek.nl/Projects/ti99print/ti99print.html

ALSO TIPI includes color epson printer emulation you just print to the device PI.PIO as you would a normal printer and it will generate a PDF automatically of your print job.  files are found at \\TIPI\PDF

You can order a TI parallel cable here: 

http://www.cabledepot.com/05MCOlderTI.html  or

 

 

TI-99/4A FAQ: Disk Drives

Using Disk Drives on a TI-99/4a

Disk drives on the TI are used similar to other storage and output devices. They are addressed like any other device by their device name.

The 3 drives supported with the Texas Instruments disk controller are

  • DEVICE NAME   –   disk drive number
  • DSK1.                   –  Drive 1
  • DSK2.                   –  Drive 2
  • DSK3.                   –  Drive 3

Other 3rd party controllers supported an additional DSK4.  device – Drive 4.

To access devices in basic, you use these commands.

  • Loading files: OLD DEVICENAME.FILENAME
    • Example:  OLD DSK1.FILENAME would load a file named FILENAME off DSK1.
  • Saving files:   SAVE DEVICENAME.FILENAME
    • Example: SAVE DSK1.FILENAME would save a file named FILENAME on DSK1.

REMINDER: all DEVICE NAMES ARE IN UPPERCASE, make sure you are using uppercase, you can easily assume the lowercase font is upper case as it looks simular to the upper case font (just smaller) so be sure ..  filenames can be case sensitive so I find it’s best to make them all uppercase as well.

See also: https://www.arcadeshopper.com/wp/ti-99-4a-faq-loading-assembly-language-programs/

Disk Catalog

In TI Basic you can enter this program:

100 CALL CLEAR
110 COUNT=0
120 DIM TYPE$(6)
130 TYPE$(1)="DIS/FIX"
140 TYPE$(2)="DIS/VAR"
150 TYPE$(3)="INT/FIX"
160 TYPE$(4)="INT/VAR"
170 TYPE$(5)="PROGRAM"
175 TYPE$(6)=" <DIR> "
180 INPUT "DEVICE:":DEV$
190 IF SEG$(DEV$,LEN(DEV$),1)="." THEN 210
200 DEV$=DEV$&"."
210 REM  THIS OPENS AS IF/0 - WHICH BECOMES IF/38 
220 OPEN #1:DEV$,INPUT ,RELATIVE,INTERNAL
230 REM  'ZERO' IS ALWAYS 0 
240 INPUT #1:DISKNAME$,ZERO,DISKSECTORS,FREESECTORS
250 DISPLAY "DSK0 -  DISKNAME= ";DISKNAME$:"AVAILABLE= ";FREESECTORS;" USED= ";DISKSECTORS-FREESECTORS
260 DISPLAY :"FILENAME   SIZE    TYPE    P":"---------- ---- ---------- -";
270 REM  A FILETYPE OF 0 ALSO MEANS END OF DIRECTORY 
280 REM  FILETYPE IS NEGATIVE FOR A PROTECTED FILE 
290 INPUT #1:FILENAME$,FILETYPE,FILESECTORS,RECORDLENGTH
300 IF LEN(FILENAME$)=0 THEN 400
310 COUNT=COUNT+1
320 DISPLAY :COUNT;FILENAME$;TAB(12);FILESECTORS;TAB(17);TYPE$(ABS(FILETYPE));
330 REM  PROGRAM FILES DON'T HAVE A RECORD LENGTH 
340 IF ABS(FILETYPE)>=5 THEN 370
350 B$=" "&STR$(RECORDLENGTH)
360 DISPLAY SEG$(B$,LEN(B$)-2,3);
370 IF FILETYPE>0 THEN 290
380 DISPLAY TAB(28);"Y";
390 GOTO 290
400 CLOSE #1

Also you can get a catalog in a number of other ways.

  • Disk manager software
    • TI’s Disk Manager, Disk manager 2 and Disk manager 3 will all produce catalogs of disks
    • DM1000
    • DM2000
    • other disk manager programs
  • Extended Basic 2.7
    • CALL CAT(“DSK1.”) will show a catalog of DSK1.
  • Miller’s graphics ROMs in a corcomp controller
    • CALL CAT(“DSK1.”) will show a catalog of DSK1.

Disk formatting

Disks on the TI use a proprietary format that is unreadable by other computer systems without special tools. For more information on disk formats check out this page.  https://www.arcadeshopper.com/wp/ti-99-4a-faq-floppy-disk-drives-and-formats/

To format a disk on your TI you need a DISK MANAGER program. This contains the software to format new disks, copy files, make backups etc.  There are 3 versions of disk manager from Texas Instruments and many 3rd party/shareware disk managers.

Texas Instruments Disk managers:

  • Disk Manager – Formats SS/SD disks
  • Disk Manager 2 – Formats SS/SD and DS/SD disks
  • Disk Manager 3 (rare) – Formats SS/SD, DS/SD, SS/DD and DS/DD disks.

The best disk manager currently available (in my opinion) is Disk Manager 2000 from Fred Kaal. It is available at his website here: https://www.ti99-geek.nl/  under projects and DM2K.

Common Drive issues

Floppy disks and drives are all very old at this point and are experiencing failures related to old capacitors,  broken/burned out optical sensors and LEDs etc.

Troubleshooting steps:

  • clean the drive heads, rails and lubricate with white lithium grease
  • inspect drive for broken parts or burned out LEDS
  • replace the cable with a new one, NO TWISTS

Drive options

TI made a stand alone disk controller and a PEB card that supported up to DS/SD diskettes. There is an 80 track modification available from hummingbird eproms to add 80 track drives to this controller.

Corcomp made a PEB disk controller and a sidecar “9900 Micro” that supported up to DS/DD diskettes.  http://mainbyte.com/ti99/hardware/9900_micro/9900_micro.html

Myarc made a PEB disk controller that supported up to DS/DD diskettes.

Myarc also made a HFDC (hard, floppy disk controller) for the PEB that will support up to 80 track DS/DD disks on a 4/a and fully format 1.44mb HD disks on a Geneve (with the appropriate drive).

Drive Emulation

You can hook up a GOTEK drive emulator with 3rd party firmware (I recommend flashfloppy.com) and use it as a SS/SD-DS/DD 5.25″ drive 40 or 80 track, DS/DD and DS/DD 3.5″ drive 40 or 80 track. Obviously you need a disk controller that supports the format you are trying to use.  Flashfloppy will use v9t9 format disk images as well as HXC format.

The Lotherek HXC also works well, however it is more expensive and less feature rich than the GOTEK.  To use this you must convert all your disk images to their HXC format. https://lotharek.pl/

TIPI provides drive emulation for level 1 and level 2 access through the map function. Allowing you to point DSK1. DSK2. DSK3. and/or DSK4. to whatever folder you want on the TIPI. drive. DSK0. always points to the root of the drive.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TI-99/4A FAQ: Hooking up a Modem

To hook up a modem you need a RS232 serial port

  • with a PEB and a RS232 card
  • with a sidecar RS232
  • with a NanoPEB
  • with a UberGROM board with the serial interface)

What is the pinout of the TI RS232 serial port?

Here is the manual: http://ftp.whtech.com/datasheets%20and%20manuals/Hardware/Texas%20Instruments/PHP1220%20RS232%20Card/ti%20rs232%20card%20manual.pdf

  • 1 Ground
  • 2 RXD
  • 3 TXD
  • 5 CTS
  • 6 DSR
  • 7 Ground
  • 8 DCD
  • 20 DTR

What is the pinout of the NanoPEB?

Manuals are available here: http://webpages.charter.net/nanopeb/

  • 2 RXD
  • 3 TXD
  • 4 DTR
  • 5 Ground
  • 7 RTS
  • 8 CTS

See Terminal Software for software

TI-99/4A FAQ: NanoPEB and CF7

 

NanoPEBs are available periodically on ebay and arcadeshopper.com a limited quantity is produced and sold without any regular schedule.
CF7+ - 32k, Parallel port and Floppy Emulation

Includes 32k ram expansion, floppy disk emulation off a proprietorially formatted CF card and a single DTE 9pin RS232 port. This port is not software compatible with most original serial programs

        • TIMXT
        • TI Web Browser
        • TELCO has been patched
        • MassXfer has been patched
        • TE2 works out of the box
        • Any program that uses DSR access to RS232 should also work as long as it enables the port.

CF7’s are also available on Ebay and arcadeshopper.com randomly..
CF7+ - 32k, Parallel port and Floppy Emulation

Includes 32k ram expansion, floppy disk emulation the same as the NanoPEB and a single IBM PC cable compatible Parallel port on a 25 pin connector.

      • The parallel port is not software compatible with programs that do not make DSR calls. Using the PIO device works fine in basic and other utilities that use that DSR.

Both the NanoPEB and CF7 file system on the CF card can only be read and written using the software on the author’s site, TIDIR from Fred Kaal or the java application TIImageTool.

Both the NanoPEB and CF7 are unable to easily have their 32k disabled to coexist with other cards that provide 32k. So If you wanted to use one in conjunction with say a TIPI card, you’d need a way to plug both into the side port and only have one enabled 32k card.

TI-99/4A FAQ: Joysticks and controllers

What Joysticks and controllers are available for my TI?

NOTE: the #1 reported issue with joysticks is the up direction doesn’t work, if you have a original TI-99/4A the alpha-lock key interferes with this direction. You must have alpha-lock UP to use the joystick.

TI Handheld controllers are very common in the black plastic model.

Less common in the beige color.

These are nicknamed “hand wreckers” as they use a poorly designed lever and membrane method with foam pads under the membrane that tend to go bad over time.

Jgrisssom created this post on updating the hand wreckers with some modern switches and 3d printed parts: https://forums.atariage.com/topic/338357-revisiting-the-original-ti-99-joysticks/

there were also these babies that were released with the 99/4 that were even worse!

Since the TI-99/4 and 4A both use the same joystick port pinout they are interchangeable.

Atari compatible joysticks can be used using an adapter, there were various models made from Wico and other manufacturers. (all discontinued)

A compact “Atari” joystick adapter is currently available here:

If you are handy you can make your own: http://mainbyte.com/ti99/hardware/cables/joystick.html

Wico made a very nice Trackball they are available on Ebay now and then

Milton Bradley released a MBX expansion system for the TI in 1983 that contained an enhanced speech synth, speech recognition, a “touchpad” interface and enhanced controllers

More info: http://mainbyte.com/ti99/hardware/mbx/mbx.html

Mechatronics made a TI mouse that was basically a generic xy mouse with TI drivers and a 5v power supply, there is also a DSR for TI-artist

Asgard software had a serial mouse driver. <if someone has a link lmk>

Here’s another serial mouse driver:  http://www.stuartconner.me.uk/ti/ti.htm#connecting_serial_mouse

SuperSketch was available for the TI and had it’s own paint program built in. Also a TI-artist DSR was available. These were difficult to use due to the linear axis of the system.

 http://mainbyte.com/ti99/hardware/super_sketch.html

 

 

 

 

TI-99/4A FAQ: Keyboard upgrades

Hooking a PC keyboard to my TI?USB: http://ti994a.cwfk.net/TiUsbKeys.html – boards and assembled units are available here:

PS/2: http://www.harmlesslion.com/cgi-bin/showprog.cgi?search=adapter

Rave99 XT keyboard interface (no longer made..) http://mainbyte.com/ti99/hardware/rave/keyboard.html

     

    TI-99/4A FAQ: Peripheral Expansion Box and boards

    Peripheral Expansion Box

    full TI-99/4A system
    full TI-99/4A system

    TI released two versions of the PEB (Peripheral Expansion Box)

        • Original 99/4 model that has a push button switch

          99/4 PEB
          99/4 PEB
        • Later model that has a rocker switch

          99/4A PEB
          99/4 PEB
    mythical Beige system with unreleased beige monitor/exp box and hexbus sidecar
    mythical Beige system with unreleased beige monitor/exp box and hexbus sidecar

    There was a beige colored box in advertisements for the QI models but it was never manufactured or released to the public.

    The older PEB (top) has much taller card holders. Also notice that the older PEB has an external fuse which is easy to replace. To see where they hid the fuse on the newer models go here: http://mainbyte.com/ti99/peb_pow/peb_pow.html

    Though there were a few small differences both the PEB’s can be used interchangeably.

    tall expansion box slots
    tall expansion box slots
    short expansion box slots
    short expansion box slots

    The expansion box connected to the 99/4 and 99/4a with the Flex Cable
    Interface card installed in slot 1 which included a large black ribbon cable and a large connector that connects to the expansion port on the right side of the console. This was dubbed the “fire hose” by TI owners.

    Yes the fan is very loud, here’s instructions to put in a quieter fan: http://www.mainbyte.com/ti99/peb/peb_box_project.html

    Great write up with photos here: http://mainbyte.com/ti99/hardware/peb/perf_box.html

    What cards are available for the PEB?

    Many cards were made available for the PEB including Memory expansion, RAMdisks, CPM coprocessor boards, Pcode Pascal system, Western Digital Hard disk Controller interfaces, SCSI controller, IDE controller, Video controller, Floppy disk controllers, SID99, Speech synth adapter (to hide the speech board in the PEB) and much more.

    TI Cards: http://mainbyte.com/ti99/hardware/peb/ti_cards.html

    Memory Expansion Model No. PHP1260

          • TI 32k memory expansion
            TI 32k memory expansion

    RS232 Interface – Model No. PHP1220

    Disk Memory System – Model No. PHP1240

    P-Code Version 4.0 – Model No. PHP1270

    Flex Cable Interface (connects expansion box to the TI-99 computer side port

    3rd Party Cards: http://mainbyte.com/ti99/hardware/peb/3rd_cards.html

    Corcomp 32k memory card
    Corcomp 32k memory card

    Corcomp 32k Card

    Corcomp RS232 Card

    Corcomp 9900 Floppy Controller Card

    Thierry Nouspikel’s IDE Card

    SuperAMS circuit card

    ICS 32K Memory Card

    Rave Speech Synthesizer interface card
    Rave Speech Synthesizer interface card

    RAVE SPA-01 Speech-in-PEB-Adapter
    (with attached speech synthesizer board)

    DIJIT Systems ADVANCED VIDEO PROCESSOR CARD (AVPC)

    Horizon 256K RAMDisk Card

    Horizon P-Gram +

    Horizon P-Gram Protoype

    Myarc HFDC Winchester Card

    Myarc Geneve 9640 Home Computer Card

    HRD16 – 16 Bit Highspeed-Ramdisk 16 Bit

    Diskette Controller with real-time clock

    HSGPL2 – Highspeed GPL Card

    EVPC – Enhanced Videoprocessor Card

    EVPC2 – Enhanced Videoprocessor Card 2

    SGCPU – Second generation CCU Card

    SPVMC – Speech and Voicememory Card

    ASCSI 2 – Advanced SCSI Card (rev 2)

    SID99

    JEDIMATT42 TipiPEB card
    JEDIMATT42 TipiPEB card

    TIPI PEB

    Vendor sites:

    http://www.dsapsc.com/what-is-sid.html (discontinued)

    http://www.s-n-u-g.de/home/index_e.php

     

     

     

    TI-99/4A FAQ: Software: Force Command OS

    Force Command is the DOS like interface people have always yearned for on the TI-99/4A.

    From the wiki: https://github.com/jedimatt42/fcmd/wiki

    Force Command for the TI-99/4A

    Force Command is a command module for the TI-99/4A home computer from the early 80s. It is an interactive command line shell such as MSDOS ‘command.com’ for file management as well as batch scripting for the 4A.

    There was prior art named 4ADOS from back in the 80s as well. However, this user found that program irritating. So I have ignored 4ADOS, and taken inspiration from the manuals of MSDOS 2.11 and my own use of MSXDOS.

    Minimum Requirements

    (Some features will not be available)

    • TI-99/4A
    • 32K expansion ram
    • Some filesystem device
    • 128K ROM Cartridge

    Development System

    • TI-99/4A
    • SAMS
    • F18A VGA adapter
    • FinalGROM99
    • TIPI
    • Texas Instruments Floppy Controller

    Hardware compatibility

    It has been authored to support many of the pre-existing rare devices that are out there, however the author cannot test with those devices. See Compatibility for details.

    Video support

    The program auto-detects the F18A video processor and if present begins in enhanced attribute 80 column mode. In this mode the screen supports full ANSI graphics commands received either through [echo] commands or from displaying a file with [type] commands.

    If the F18A is not detected, the program starts in 40 column mode.

    The mode can be switched with the [width] command and color can also be controlled with the [color] command.

    Cartridge Support

    It is distributed as 2 files:

    • FCMDG.bin – Single GROM with program entry “AUTOCMD” and power up routine to start the ROM automatically.
    • FCMDC.bin – 128K ROM with program entry title: “FORCE CMD” (Non-inverted ROM file)

    It is designed to be run from the FinalGROM99. However it should also work from an UberGROM. Or presently any 128K or greater eprom board sacrificing the startup GROM.

    When used on a FinalGROM99, there will be 2 menu entries:

    • AUTOCMD
    • FORCE CMD

    If you select AUTOCMD, the FinalGROM99 will load both the GROM autostart routine, and the primary ROM. If you select FORCE CMD, the FinalGROM99 will not load the GROM, and auto start will not be active.

    Also on a FinalGROM99, the fg99 command can switch to other cartridge images.

    General Use

    Command keywords are case insensitive. TI file system names are case sensitive.

    On startup, the program will normally detect and switch to your best video mode, display a banner, set the current working directory to the first drive device found in your system, and set you at a prompt such as:

    [1100.DSK1.]
    $
    

    To list a directory of the files you have on that device use the [dir] command.

    [1100.DSK1.]
    $ DIR
    Diskname: BLANK Available: 1440 Used: 65407
    
    Name       Type    Reclen Sectors
    ---------------------------------
    EDIT80     PROGRAM        32
    MENU       DIS/VAR 80     1
    
    [1100.DSK1.]
    $
    

    A list of individual commands/topics are available with the help command. You can then get a brief description by passing the topic as argument to the help command.

    [1000.TIPI.]
    $ help cd
    cd <path>|.. - switch to a different drive or directory

    For more info and development notes: https://atariage.com/forums/topic/290966-force-command-ver-117-kinda-like-commandcom-from-1985/